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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a common neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4 percent of the population. It is associated with high rates of comorbidity, including anxiety, depression and addiction to drugs, as well as significant emotional, social and occupational impairments. Psychotherapy and medication are both effective treatments for adults with ADHD. The most frequently prescribed medications are stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine. Medicines Many people with ADHD notice significant improvements in their symptoms and functioning in response to medication. It is important that people with ADHD discover the right combination of medications that works for them. Adults suffering from ADHD are prescribed stimulants, such as methylphenidate or amphetamines. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid forms and can be taken as often as every three to four hours. Some adults may supplement an immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medicine that is taken daily to reduce the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD are also treated effectively with antidepressants, like desipramine. This class of medications can be utilized in conjunction with stimulants, or in isolation to boost their effects. They can also increase the risk of serious side consequences, like rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension. Adults with ADHD can also be treated with alprazolam or clonidine, which are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These medications were originally developed to treat hypertension. They are calming and can improve focus, and reduce hyperactivity and impulse control in some adults. However, these medications can cause a drop in blood pressure when they are abruptly stopped or reduced in dosage. Psychotherapy is also beneficial for adults with ADHD. Individual therapy can help them deal with their feelings of shame and embarrassment regarding their ADHD and anger toward supervisors, colleagues teachers, and family members who may nag or criticize them. Counseling for families and marriage is a great method to help couples with ADHD improve their understanding of each other and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults suffering from ADHD aims to improve daily functioning by teaching strategies and skills. Psychotherapy can also assist people with ADHD overcome low self-esteem and sense of failure that often accompanies this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps people change the negative thoughts that cause problems in their lives. It also helps to develop new ways of thinking and feeling, as well as doing. This short-term and goal-oriented therapy has been proven effective in treating many disorders, such as anxiety and depression. It can be used by itself or in conjunction with other therapies. CBT may include group therapy, which can be particularly helpful for adults with ADHD, as it provides the opportunity to meet others who are facing similar issues and learn from others how they manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or over the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to conventional therapy for adults with ADHD. Both treatments improved self-report measures like symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. CBT has been compared to other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. All of these studies demonstrate significant reductions in ADHD symptoms and effects, with sizes ranging from medium to large. These improvements were associated with various modalities that include cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skill training, problem-solving and mindfulness meditation. However, caution is warranted in comparing the efficacy of various treatments for adult ADHD. It is likely that the differences in outcomes results are due to a range of factors, including the treatment features and the methods used. There are few studies that have investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback. This method involves wearing a hat with electrodes while doing cognitive tasks to determine brain regions where there is excessive or inadequate activity. The individual then learns to control these patterns. Counseling Many people with ADHD suffer from anxiety or mood disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help to address these issues, which could contribute to ADHD symptoms. Certain psychotherapy methods include interpersonal therapy to improve the capacity of individuals to establish meaningful relationships and to resolve conflicts. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help manage self-destructive, impulsive, and negative behaviors that can create problems at school or work. In some cases psychotherapy may be utilized as an adjunct to medication for adult adhd treatment for adults. Patients with comorbid disorders like bipolar disorder, and substance abuse must be assessed carefully to make sure they don't suffer from symptoms that aren't ameliorated by the medications that are prescribed to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history or seizures, should be treated with more vigor. Outpatient intensive programs may be recommended when the person's ADHD is so severe that it affects their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs offer an organized treatment that is more intensive than the traditional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of cognitive therapy, assists adults with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time and impulse control, as well as planning and executive function. It helps them understand and express their feelings and employs worksheets and exercises to make the learning more interesting. The training in mindfulness meditation can enhance CBT and enhances the capacity of a person's ability to concentrate and manage emotions. It also increases a person's ability to tolerate anxiety and stress. It can assist them in dealing with sadness, anger and other difficult emotions which could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD experience difficulties at work and at home. In addition to affecting work performance, these issues can interfere with relationships and may lead to financial difficulties. Therapy that addresses these issues can help improve your self-esteem, resolve underlying problems and develop healthy coping strategies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a successful treatment for adults suffering from ADHD and helps them change their negative beliefs and behaviours. Particularly, it is focused on teaching you how to employ time management strategies and overcome thinking distortions that contribute to negative moods and perceptions of limited choices. Many people who suffer from ADHD also have comorbid depression or anxiety disorders. These psychiatric disorders can exacerbate or diminish the effectiveness of certain drugs used to treat ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended that you treat the most severe comorbidity first and monitor its response to medication prior to attempting treatment for the other disorder. Occupational therapy can help you organize your life and work, establish predictable routines, manage your time and money and create a positive image of yourself. It can help you master techniques for relaxation that can reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Similarly yoga and other forms of exercise can help you improve your focus by stabilizing the body in different poses. Counseling for families and marriage can address the issues adults suffering from ADHD often cause their spouses, children and others. They often complain about being erratic and unorganized. They also tend to forget things or make decisions impulsively. You can strengthen relationships by educating your spouses and family members about ADHD. It can aid you and your family members understand that the issues are caused by ADHD, rather than the lack of care or a refusal to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a prevalent neurobiological disorder. It is accompanied by high levels of comorbidity, such as anxiety, depression and addiction disorders. Treatment options include psychosocial and medication interventions. There are many medications available for adults with ADHD. Certain of these medications have been tested in studies. These studies have highlighted the strengths and drawbacks of the drugs. Adults with ADHD might experience the same symptoms as children do, but it can be difficult to identify because childhood symptoms might not last into adulthood. In addition, adults with ADHD might not have a history of the disorder in their family or they may not even remember having symptoms. untreated adhd in female adults is important to determine if the symptoms are due to an illness like thyroid problems, sleep apnea, vision and hearing problems or lead poisoning. Medications for adults with ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and non-stimulant medications. Stimulants have the highest response rates for adults suffering from ADHD. Their responsiveness rates vary between 70 and 80%. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are the most commonly prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate is also administered via a transdermal device. This permits continuous medication delivery during the day. Nonstimulant medicines for adults suffering from ADHD are primarily tricyclic antidepressants that work on dopamine and norepinephrine. Desipramine, the most researched tricyclic, has been proven to work in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose medicine and is recommended to increase the dose by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired response is observed. Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant which has been proven to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transporter, thereby increasing its presence in the brain. This drug has been proven to improve mood in adults and reduce hyperactivity, however, it's not as effective in improving concentration or cognitive functions as stimulants.